dessert
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Written by
Gregory Lewis McNamee
Fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: •Article History
baked Alaska
- Related Topics:
- ice cream
- dessert
- meringue
- spongecake
baked Alaska, dessert of American origin that consists of ice cream layered between a slice of sponge cake and a covering of meringue, which is baked quickly at high heat until lightly browned.
Baked Alaska seems a physical improbability, given the tendency of ice cream to melt under heat. The layer of sponge cake at the bottom and the coating of meringue, made of whipped egg whites and sugar, insulate well-chilled ice cream, however, leading to a surprising blend of warm and cold that has proved popular for generations. To achieve the optimal balance of warm and cold, the dessert is baked in a very hot (500 °F [260 °C]) oven for only two or three minutes. Many chefs forgo the oven entirely, however, and brown the meringue with a butane culinary torch.
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There is much disagreement over the inventor of baked Alaska, although almost all sources agree that the dessert was named to celebrate the acquisition by the United States of the former Russian territory of Alaska in March 1867. A similar dish, known in France as the omelette norvégienne, or “Norwegian omelette,” was credited to the American-born British physicist Benjamin Thompson, count von Rumford, a pioneer of cooking techniques and equipment. One theory attributes the dessert as it is known today to Antoine Alciatore, the chef de cuisine of the famed Antoine’s Restaurant in New Orleans, while a competing theory, better supported, ascribes it to Charles Ranhofer, the head chef at Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York, who called it “Alaska, Florida” to mark the combination of cold and heat. Ranhofer retained that title in a cookbook he published in 1893, and it was only with the publication in 1896 of Fannie Farmer’s Boston Cooking-School Cook Book that the dessert became known as baked Alaska.
The ice cream flavours in a baked Alaska are subject to individual taste, although vanilla is the ice cream most often used in restaurants. Baked Alaska is a relatively easy dish for home cooks to make. It is often served with a fruit compote, berries, or cherries.
